Day 8 : Basic Git & GitHub for DevOps Engineers

🔄What is Git

• Version control system for tracking file changes and facilitating collaboration.

• Widely used in software development.

• Records contributors and changes to file sections.

• Allows reverting to earlier file versions.

• Enables easy collaboration by sharing and merging changes among multiple contributors.

🌐What is Github

• Web-based platform hosting version control using Git.

• Subsidiary of Microsoft.

• Offers distributed version control and source code management (SCM) features of Git.

• Includes additional proprietary features.

• Highly popular for project sharing, collaboration, and hosting open-source projects.

🆚What is Version Control? How many types of version controls we have?

• Version Control Basics:

  • Tracks changes to files over time for version recall.

  • Enables reverting files, comparing changes, and tracking modifications.

• Two Main Types:

  • Centralized Version Control System (CVCS):

    • Uses a central server to store all project versions.

    • Developers "check out" and "check in" files from/to the central server.

    • Examples: Subversion, Perforce.

  • Distributed Version Control System (DVCS):

    • Developers "clone" entire repositories with full version history.

    • Complete local copy of the repository, including branches and past versions.

    • Enables independent work with later merging into the main repository.

    • Examples: Git, Mercurial,Darcs.

🚀Why we use distributed version control over centralized version control?

DVCS Advantages over CVCS :

• Better Collaboration 🤝: Every developer has a full repository copy and Easier collaboration without constant central server communication.

• Improved Speed ⚡: Faster version control actions with local repository copies.

• Greater Flexibility 🔄: Offline work and selective sharing of changes.

• Enhanced Security 🔐: Multiple server and computer repository copies for increased resilience.

In summary, the decentralized nature of DVCS fosters superior collaboration, flexibility, and security, making it a preferred choice for many teams.

📝Task

• Install Git on your computer (if it is not already installed).

  sudo apt-get install git - To install the git on the system.

  git --version - To check the latest version of git.

  

• Create a free account on GitHub (if you don't already have one).

  • Visit GitHub: Go to the GitHub website at https://github.com/.

  • Sign Up: Click on the "Sign Up" button on the top right corner.

  • Create a GitHub Account:

    • Fill in the required information:

    • Choose a username.

    • Enter your email address.

    • Choose a strong password.

  • Verify Email: Verify your email address by clicking the link sent to your email from GitHub.

  • Choose Plan: Select the "Free" plan for individual developers.

  • Complete Setup: Provide optional information, such as your role, and choose your preferences.

  • Finish: Complete the account creation process.

• Basics Github Commands

  • Initialize a Repository:

    git init: Initializes a new Git repository.

  • Check Repository Status:

    git status: Displays the current status of the repository.

    

  • Add Files to Tracking/Staging Area:

    git add filename.txt: Adds files to the tracking/staging area.

  • Remove File from Staging Area:

    git rm --cached filename.txt: Removes a file from the staging area.

  • Commit Changes to Local Repository**:**

    git commit -m "added new files": Commits changes to the local repository.

    

  • Commit Specific File:

    git commit -m "done" filename.txt: Commits a specific file to the local repository.

  • Restore Changes to Last Commit State:

    git restore filename.txt: Restores changes to the last committed state.

    

  • Checkout File to Last Commit State:

    git checkout filename.txt: Restores a file to its last committed state.

    

  • View Changes in Working Directory:

    git diff: Views changes made in the working directory.

    

    git diff filename.txt: Views changes made to a file in the working directory.

    

  • View Changes in Staging Area:

    git diff --cached: Views changes in the staging area (before committing).

  • Set Global User Configuration:

    git config --global user.name "<your username>": Sets global user name for commits.

    git config --global user.email "<your email>": Sets global user email for commits.

  • View Commit History:

    git log: Displays all commit history.

    

  • View Compact Commit History:

    git log --oneline: Displays commit history with commit hash.

    

  • Clone a Repository:

    git clone <repository URL>: Clones an entire remote repository to the local machine.

  • Clone Repository with Personal Access Token:

    git clone https://kishanygit:<your_token>@github.com/kishanygit/linuxdev.git: Clones a repository using a Personal Access Token.

    

  • Show Commit Details:

    git show 4cbe579 :Displays information about a specific commit, including the changes introduced in that commit.

    

  • Fork a Repository:

    git fork: Copies a remote repository to your account on github.

🧾Exercises

• Create a new repository on GitHub and clone it to your local machine

  • Login to www.GitHub.com

  • Create a repository and enter the repository name.

  • Choose the repository type as public or private

  • Add a README file

• Navigate to "Developer settings" in the left sidebar.

• Click "Generate token" under "Access tokens."

• Name the token, select scopes, and click "Generate token."

• Copy the generated token immediately.

• run this command in the terminal after adding your token id: git clone https://kishanygit:<your_token>@github.com/kishanygit/linuxdev.git

  Syntax: https://username:<your_token>@github.com/username/repositoryname.git

• Make some changes to a file in the repository and commit them to the repository using Git

  • Create a file using vi editor

    

  • git status - To check the status of your git repository

    

  • git add filename - moves changes from the working directory to the staging area

    

  • git commit -m “commit message” - Commit changes to local git repository

    

• Push the changes back to the repository on GitHub

  • Link-Local Repository to GitHub:

    Syntax: git remote add origin <repository_URL>

    

  • Verify Connection:

    git remote -v Request the list of all repositories that are connected to your local repository.

    

  • Push Changes to GitHub:

    • Syntax for setting the URL:

      git remote set-url origin https://username:<new_token>@github.com/username/repository.git

      

    • git push origin master - Push changes to the remote git repository on main/master branch.