Git and Linux Cheat-sheet 🚀🐧✨
⚡Git Cheat-sheet
git init # Create a new Git repository.
git status # View the status of files in the working directory.
git add filename.txt # Add files to the staging area.
git commit -m "added new files" # Commit all changes
git commit -m "done" filename.txt # Commit specific file
git restore filename.txt # Restore changes from the last commit
git checkout filename.txt # Restore changes from the last commit
git rm --cached filename.txt # Removes file from the staging area
git diff filename.txt # View changes to a specific file
git diff # View changes in the working directory
git diff --cached # View changes in the staging area
git config --global user.name "<your username>" # Configure user information for Git commits.
git config --global user.email "<your email>"
git log # View commit history
git log --oneline # View concise commit history
git log --oneline --pretty # View formatted commit history
git show <commit-hash> # Display information about a specific commit, including changes.
git branch # View existing branches.
git branch dev # Create branch
git checkout -b dev # Create and switch to branch
git checkout dev # Switch to the 'dev' branch.
git remote -v # View information about remote branches.
git clean -f # Remove untracked files.
git clean -fd # Remove untracked directories.
git push origin --delete <branch_name> # Delete a remote branch named <branch_name>.
git merge dev # Merge branch
git rebase dev # Rebase branch
git fetch # Retrieve changes without merging
git pull origin dev # Fetch and merge changes
git revert <commit_id> # Revert changes from a specific commit.
git reset --soft <commit_id> # Soft reset i.e it reverts the changes and deletes the commit history
git reset --hard <commit_id> # Hard reset i.e it reverts changes and deletes the commit history and changes/deletes the file from working/staging area
git restore --staged <filename> # Unstage changes in the working directory
# Create or edit .gitignore to ignore specified files i.e whatever is written in this, it ignores those files for adding to the staging area.
git show # Display information about the latest commit on the current branch along with the exact changes done.
git cherry-pick <commit_id> # Apply a specific commit
git cherry-pick --continue # Continue cherry-pick after resolving conflicts
git stash # Stash changes
git stash pop # Apply stashed changes and remove from the stash list
git stash apply # Apply stashed changes
git stash apply stash@{2} # Apply a specific stash
git rebase -i HEAD~3 # Squash commits into a single commit.
git branch <branchname> <commit-hash> # Restore a deleted branch.
git clone <repository URL> # Clone entire repository to the local repo.
# Create a personal copy of a repository under your account on platforms like GitHub.
git remote add origin <repository URL> # Connect local and remote repo
git remote -v # Show remote repositories
git remote set-url origin <new_repository_URL> # Change the URL of the remote repository.
git push origin master # Push changes from the local repository to the remote repository.
git clean # Clean untracked files.
⚡Linux Cheat-sheet
ls # List files and directories in the current directory.
touch <filename> # Create a new empty file named <filename>.
pwd # Print the current working directory.
uname # Print system information.
whoami # Print the username.
mkdir <directoryname> # Create a new directory named <directoryname>.
cd ~ # Change directory to the home directory.
cd / # Change directory to the root directory.
cd <directory> # Change directory to <directory>.
sudo useradd -m <username> # Create a new user named <username>.
sudo passwd <username>
su <username> # Switch to the <username> user.
cp <sourcefile> <destinationfolder> # Copy files from <sourcefile> to <destinationfolder>.
mv <filename> <destinationfolder>/ # Move <filename> to <destinationfolder>/
mv <old_filename> <new_filename> # Rename file <old_filename> to <new_filename>
ls -l # List files with details.
ls -al # List all files, including hidden ones.
echo "<text>" # Display "<text>" on the console.
echo "<text>" > <filename> # Redirect "<text>" to <filename>.
echo "<text>" | tee -a <filename> # Display "<text>" on the console and append to <filename>.
cat <filename> # Display the content of <filename>.
vi <filename> # Open the Vi/Vim editor for <filename>.
rm <filename> # Remove <filename>.
rm -r <foldername> # Remove <foldername> and its contents recursively.
man <command> # View the manual/documentation for the <command>.
sudo cat /etc/passwd # View all users in Linux OS.
sudo cat /etc/group # View all groups in Linux OS.
groupadd <groupname> # Create a group named <groupname>.
sudo userdel <username> # Delete a user.
sudo groupdel <groupname> # Delete a group.
sudo gpasswd -a <username> <group> # Add <username> to the <group>.
sudo gpasswd -d <username> <group> # Delete <username> from the <group>.
groups <username> # View all groups where <username> is a member.
sudo chgrp <newgroup> <filename> # Change the group of <filename> to <newgroup>.
sudo chown :<newgroup> <filename> # Change the group of <filename> to <newgroup>.
sudo chmod <permissions> <filename> # Change the file permission of <filename>.
ssh -i "<keypair>" <user>@<hostname> # Connect to an EC2 instance using SSH.
scp -i "<keypair>" <localfile> <user>@<hostname>:<remotefolder> # Copy <localfile> from local to server.
scp -i "<keypair>" <user>@<hostname>:<remotefile> <localfolder> # Copy <remotefile> from server to local.
sudo apt-get update # Update the local package database.
sudo apt-get upgrade # Upgrade the installed packages.
sudo apt install <package> # Install the <package>.
sudo apt remove <package> # Remove the <package>.
sudo apt purge <package> # Purge the <package>.
grep <pattern> <file> # Search for <pattern> in <file>.
grep -i <pattern> <file> # Case-insensitive search(i.e lower and upper case) for <pattern> in <file>.
grep <pattern> <inputfile> > <outputfile> # Search for <pattern> in <inputfile> and save the output to <outputfile>.
grep <pattern> <inputfile> >> <outputfile> # Append the output of grep <pattern> in <inputfile> to <outputfile>.
awk '{print $<column1>,$<column2>}' <file> # Print columns <column1> and <column2> from <file>.
awk '{print NR,$1,$2}' <file> # Print line numbers along with columns 1 and 2.
awk '/<pattern>/ {print $<column1>,$<column2>}' <file> # Search for <pattern> in <file> and print columns <column1> and <column2>.
awk '{print NR,$1,$2}' <file> | head -<num> # Print the first <num> lines of columns 1 and 2 from <file>.
awk '{print NR,$1,$2}' <file> | tail -<num> # Print the last <num> lines of columns 1 and 2 from <file>.
awk 'NR>=<start> && NR<=<end> && /<pattern>/ {print $<column1>,$<column2>,$<column3>}' <file> # Print columns <column1>, <column2>, and <column3> for rows <start> to <end> where entries match <pattern>.
awk '$<timecolumn> > "<starttime>" && $<timecolumn> < "<endtime>" {print $<column2>,$<column3>,$<column4>,$<column5>}' <file> # Print columns <column2>, <column3>, <column4>, and <column5> for rows where column <timecolumn> is between <starttime> and <endtime>.
awk '$<timecolumn> > "<starttime>" && $<timecolumn> < "<endtime>" && /<monthpattern>/ {print $<column2>,$<column3>,$<column4>,$<column5>}' <file> # Print columns <column2>, <column3>, <column4>, and <column5> for rows where column <timecolumn> is between <starttime> and <endtime> and entries match <monthpattern>.
find <directory> -name <filename> # Search for <filename> in <directory>.
find <directory> -name '*.<extension>' # Search for files with the extension .<extension> in <directory>.
find <directory> -user <username> # Search for files owned by the user <username> in <directory>.
find <directory> -group <groupname> # Search for files under the group <groupname> in <directory>.
#!/bin/bash # First line of a shell script.
read <variable> # Read input and store it in the variable <variable>.
echo "hello my name is $<variable>" # Display the value of the <variable>.
chmod 700 <scriptname.sh> # Give execute permission.
./<scriptname.sh> # Execute a shell script.
bash <scriptname.sh> # Execute a shell script without giving execute permission.
getfacl <filename> # Display the access control list of <filename>.
setfacl -m u:<user>:<permissions> <filename> # Set ACL for <filename> to give <permissions> to the user <user>.
tar -cvf archive.tar file1 file2 directory1 # Create an archive named archive.tar with file1, file2, and directory1.
tar -xvf archive.tar # Extract files from archive.tar to the current directory.
tar -tvf archive.tar # List contents of archive.tar without extracting.
tar -czvf archive.tar.gz file1 file2 directory1 # Create a gzip-compressed archive.
tar -cjvf archive.tar.bz2 file1 file2 directory1 # Create a bzip2-compressed archive.
tar -xzvf archive.tar.gz # Extract from a gzip-compressed archive.
tar -xjvf archive.tar.bz2 # Extract from a bzip2-compressed archive.
tar -rvf archive.tar newfile # Append newfile to the existing archive.
tar --exclude='file3' -cvf archive.tar file1 file2 directory1 # Create an archive excluding file3.
